As would Garci, José Luis , at the beginning of their conversation after the screening of the resulting film in that wonderful TV show called "How great is the film" : In January of that distant year 1971, Charles Manson is sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiracy, the Apollo 14 returns to Earth and President Allende nationalizes private banking ... while in our country is sanctioned the filmmaker Juan Antonio Bardem, Francisco Franco appointed successor to Juan Carlos de Borbon and is also the year that TVE wheel excellent "Songs for after a War."
Eddy Merckx won the Tour de France, Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire and is the year in which perform a psycho-sociological experiment (which is really what concerns us here), led by psychologist P. Zimbardo, known as "TACH, TACH ... scary music, " The Prison Experiment at Stanford.
is this experiment Stanford Prison a subject that has interested me greatly, because of its accurate diagnosis on a part of human nature, the more dark and grim.
Chronicle of events: 1971, la Inteligencia Militar(la paradoja de siempre... o es militar o es inteligencia, ¿no?) Norteamericana encarga un estudio al doctor Philip G. Zimbardo sobre el comportamiento de los guardias y los prisioneros y la conducta de las personas en determinadas situaciones de cautividad.
Un estudio in situ sobre los roles, el papel de la autoridad, la obediencia, el sadismo, la sumisión...
El experimento de Zimbardo se lleva a cabo en los sótanos de la Facultad de Psicología de Stanford, y consiste en emular y escenificar los roles y circunstancias de una prisión real mediante la división de unos cuantos estudiantes voluntarios- unos cuantos dólares newspapers in exchange for participating in the experiment, after doing a test of their abilities and psychological stability-in guards and prisoners, totally random and arbitrary, without addressing the complexion or features of each.
Zimbardo, in his role as director of the supposed "prison" and conductor of the experiment, gave appropriate instructions to those who assumed the role of prison guards:
"You can produce prisoners who feel bored, fear to some extent, you can create a sense of arbitrariness that their life is totally controlled by us, by the system, you, me, and does not have privacy ... Let's strip them of their individuality in various ways. In general this leads to a feeling of helplessness. That is, in this situation we have all the power and they will not have none "(Philip Zimbardo)
So they made the simulated detention of prisoners , they take fingerprints, they are put sandals and puts them into cells.
For the guards, Zimbardo provides them with mirrored sunglasses, cheerleading uniforms.
The experiment was intended to be developed for two weeks , but ...
Six days you decide to stop the famous Zimbardo Experiment Stanford Prison.
What then are the reasons that led the psychologist to suspend this interesting research?
Well, the experiment got out of the hands of the investigator.
College students were randomly selected to assume the role of guards, only six days, exceeded their duties. Increased sadistic and humiliating attitude towards the prisoners, forcing them to simulate homosexual acts between them or do physical exercises late at night when the guards thought the cameras were not recording.
They also force sleep, the most rebellious in the ground as a prisoner in particular, the number 416, it was confined in a special isolation cell, separated from his companions and sustaining food for hours of Dinner had not wanted to eat.
Before that, there was a sort of mutiny was put down by the guards. Students who were prisoners even managed to show what Zimbardo called disorganized thinking or burst into tears and anxiety attacks for its unusual circumstances and degrading treatment accorded by the guards, and all knowing that they were participating in a simulated experiment.
What happened in those six long days in the basement of the Stanford faculty to reach these ends?
People like the psychologist Stanley Milgram or the brilliant sociologist Zygmunt Baumann have developed theories about this kind of situation and social behavior, group. For example, Theory Conformity: " A man who has no ability or knowledge to make decisions, particularly in a crisis, leading the decision making group and its hierarchy. The group is the model behavior of the person ".
O on the concept of Objectification: " the essence of obedience consists in the fact that a person sees herself as an instrument that makes the wishes of another person and so therefore does not consider himself responsible for his actions. Once this transformation has occurred in personal perception the individual, all the essential features of obedience occur. This is the foundation of military respect for authority, the soldiers will follow, obey and execute orders and instructions issued by superiors, with the understanding that the responsibility for their actions lies with the command of their superiors. "
O on the concept of Objectification: " the essence of obedience consists in the fact that a person sees herself as an instrument that makes the wishes of another person and so therefore does not consider himself responsible for his actions. Once this transformation has occurred in personal perception the individual, all the essential features of obedience occur. This is the foundation of military respect for authority, the soldiers will follow, obey and execute orders and instructions issued by superiors, with the understanding that the responsibility for their actions lies with the command of their superiors. "
So what happened at Stanford University, thirty years after the fall of Nazism, we have developed a series of highly relevant data when making an interesting approach and deeper-beyond the initial reading on the behavior of people in a position of authority and obedience to the genesis, maintenance and development of the great totalitarian regimes that have been, are and will be in the history of mankind.
Zimbardo himself analyzes and draws conclusions about its "failed?, risky and valuable reference experiment today in social psychology:
"It was my attempt to determine what happens when you put good people in an evil place: Wins humanity, or the force of the situation may come to dominate even the most good for us? My students at Stanford, Craig Haney and Curt Banks, and I created a very realistic prison environment, a "bad basket" in which volunteers placed 24 individuals selected among college students for a two-week experiment. I chose from among 75 volunteers who passed a battery of tests psychological. Tossing a coin, it was decided who would play the role of prisoner and who is the guard. Naturally, the prisoners lived there day and night, and the guards did an 8 hour shift. At first nothing happened, but the second morning, the prisoners rebelled, the guards stopped the rebellion and then created measures against the "dangerous prisoners." Since then, abuse, aggression, and even sadistic pleasure in humiliating the prisoners became the norm. At 36 hours, a prisoner had an emotional breakdown and had to be released, and returned to happen to other prisoners in the next four days. Normal good guys and had been corrupted by the power of its role and institutional support to discharge them apart from his humble prisoners. It proved that the "bad basket" was a toxic effect on our "healthy apples." Our two-week study had to stop prematurely after only six days because he was increasingly out of control "(paragraph from the interview with Dr. Zimbardo http://www.kindsein.com/es/20/ 1 / 466 )
The German film "Das Experiment" 2001, directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel, recounts the chronicle of what happened in 1971 at Stanford.
also recommend, on the subject, "The Wave" and "The Lord of the Flies".
Greetings Jim and careful with certain experiments, which does not always produce the expected results.
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